COMMUNICATION IN SMART GRIDS USING LTE

The world today is focusing on the enhancement of efficient use of energy and it has compelled the energy industry to research and seek for measures for increasing energy efficiency. Out of various fields related to energy, Smart Grid has emerged itself as one of the effective contributor to fulfill the approach of efficient use of energy. The term smart grid has been evolved from power grid where the energy is generated, distributed and finally consumed by a consumer. The smart form of this power grid is actually smart grid which facilitates smart way of communication of smart devices between grids, so that the effective mode of controlling and monitoring can be achieved. In order to achieve this, the devices should be smart enough so that they can be interoperable and remotely accessed. For the smart devices to communicate in real time so that controlling and remote access becomes possible, it demands an advanced communicating medium. LTE is one of the most challenging, famous and widely adopted communication technology that meets the requirement imposed by broadband wireless mobile communications. Early tests, evaluations and their pre-commercial deployments have proved that they fulfil all the requirements like high-data-rate, low latency and optimized system that advanced communication demands. Thus, this paper focuses on the evaluation of integration of LTE in Smart Grids so that automation in Smart Grids can be achieved.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Outcome of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Benign Renal Disease

Introductions: Laparoscopic surgery is rapidly emerging option in urology. With the advances in technology and instruments currently this is viable alternative to treat complex surgical diseases as well as reconstructive surgery. Methods: This is a prospective observational study to analyze the outcome of laparoscopy nephrectomy. A total of 51 patients’ had undergone laparoscopy nephrectomy over the period of five years. The variables analyzed were, age, sex, operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, conversion rate and complication. Results: The mean patient's age was 41.1 years (range 15 - 71 years). Indications of nephrectomy were non-functional kidney secondary to stone disease in 26 (50.98%). Mean operative time was 1.43 hours. Median hospital stay was 2.3 days. Conclusions:  Laparoscopy surgery is a safe and feasible treatment option for the benign renal disease with comparable outcomes. Non functional kidney secondary to renal stone was the major cause of nephrectomy in this study. Keywords: benign renal disease, laparoscopic nephrectomy, nonfictional kidney, nephrolithiasi

Microwave Assisted Pictet–Spengler and Bischler–Napieralski Reactions

Pictet–Spengler and Bischler–Napieralski reaction products have been prepared–using microwave irradiation on silicagel support under solvent free condition. Microwave assisted reactions have resulted in better yields of the desired products than prepared under conventional condition

Microwave Assisted Mcfadyen-Stevens and Huang–Minlon Reactions

Microwave irradiation has been employed in McFadyen– Stevens reaction to convert p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazides 1 to the aldehydes 2. Also, microwave has been applied in Huang–Minlon reduction of carbonyl compounds 3 to the corresponding hydrocarbons 4

A study on seasonal change in feeding habit, health status and reproductive biology of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier) in coastal water of West Bengal.

254-260In this study, seasonal change in feeding habit, health status and breeding season of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier) have been observed in the coastal water of West Bengal. Gut contents were analyzed to check its feeding habit. Exponential value, condition factor and breeding habits were also examined. Study on feeding habit establishes Indian mackerel to be a selective plankton feeder. During pre-monsoon season; diatoms, copepods, rotifers and green algae were dominant, while blue green algae (BGA) and dinoflagellates had highest percentage of occurrence during the monsoon season. Feeding habit study of Indian mackerel in long term basis may further help in determining its trophic level position and locating its probable fishing ground

Proteomic and deep sequencing analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from adult male and female Schistosoma japonicum.

Schistosomes are the causative agent of schistosomiasis, which affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Unlike other trematode parasites, schistosomes (along with the Didymozoidae) have evolved separate sexes. Pairing of males and females is a prerequisite for female sexual development and subsequent egg production. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play important roles in many biological processes. In the present study, we characterized EVs isolated from adult male and female Schistosoma japonicum. Proteomic analyses of the isolated EVs revealed that some proteins are significantly enriched in male or female EVs. RNA-sequencing analysis of a small RNA population associated with EVs identified 18 miRNAs enriched in male and female S. japonicum EVs. Among these, miR-750 was specifically enriched in female EVs. Additionally, the inhibition of miR-750 by a miRNA inhibitor led to decreased egg production in female schistosomes cultured in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-750 within female EV cargo may be involved in regulating ovary development and egg production in S. japonicum females